Ethical Leadership in HRM: A Critical Analysis of the Role of HRM Practices in Promoting Ethical Behavior and Corporate Social Responsibility
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62207/5krrfc83Keywords:
HRM Ethical Leadership, Ethical Employee Behavior, Corporate Social Responsibility, Organizational Culture, Company Values, Government Regulations, Stakeholder Pressure, Industry, Business EnvironmentAbstract
This study explores the contextual factors that influence the relationship between Human Resources (HRM) ethical leadership, employee ethical behavior, and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Through a literature review, we examine the influence of organizational culture, company values, government regulations, pressure from stakeholders, and the role of industry and business environment in shaping the dynamics between these variables. Findings show that alignment between HRM practices and organizational culture, CSR authenticity, and government regulations play a key role in shaping employee behavior, organizational commitment, and company performance. In addition, industry characteristics and business environment moderate the relationship between these variables. These results emphasize the importance of understanding the complexity of the relationship between HRM ethical leadership, employee ethical behavior, and CSR in various organizational contexts.
References
Adawiyah, W., Baliartati, B., & Rafi, A. (2022). The impact of ethical leadership on employee performance: the mediating role of employee engagement and organizational citizenship behavior (ocb).. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.3-8-2021.2315128
Ahmad, I. and Umrani, W. (2019). The impact of ethical leadership style on job satisfaction. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(5), 534-547. https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-12-2018-0461
Ahmad, S., Islam, T., Sadiq, M., & Kaleem, A. (2021). Promoting green behavior through ethical leadership: a model of green human resource management and environmental knowledge. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42(4), 531-547. https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-01-2020-0024
Ali, H., Haq, M., Amin, S., Noor, S., Haris‐ul‐Mahasbi, M., & Aslam, M. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and employee performance: the mediating role of employee engagement in the manufacturing sector of pakistan. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(6), 2908-2919. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2011
Atallah, H. (2021). The relationship between ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility. Scientific Journal of Financial and Administrative Studies and Research, 11(2), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.21608/masf.2021.223245
Baker, T., Hunt, T., & Andrews, M. (2006). Promoting ethical behavior and organizational citizenship behaviors: the influence of corporate ethical values. Journal of Business Research, 59(7), 849-857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.02.004
Bedi, A., Alpaslan, C., & Green, S. (2015). A meta-analytic review of ethical leadership outcomes and moderators. Journal of Business Ethics, 139(3), 517-536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2625-1
Bocean, C., Nicolescu, M., Cazacu, M., & Dumitriu, S. (2022). The role of social responsibility and ethics in employees’ wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8838. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148838
Brammer, S., Millington, A., & Rayton, B. (2007). The contribution of corporate social responsibility to organizational commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(10), 1701-1719. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190701570866
Brown, M. and Treviño, L. (2006). Ethical leadership: a review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 595-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.10.004
Bučiūnienė, I. and Kazlauskaitė, R. (2012). The linkage between hrm, csr and performance outcomes. Baltic Journal of Management, 7(1), 5-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/17465261211195856
Burhan, Q. (2023). “ethical leadership: a dual path model for fostering ethical voice through relational identification, psychological safety, organizational identification and psychological ownership”. Rausp Management Journal, 58(4), 341-362. https://doi.org/10.1108/rausp-01-2023-0008
Cabrales, Á., Bornay-Barrachina, M., & Díaz-Fernández, M. (2017). Leadership and dynamic capabilities: the role of hr systems. Personnel Review, 46(2), 255-276. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-05-2015-0146
Chatterjee, A., Pereira, A., & Bates, R. (2018). Impact of individual perception of organizational culture on the learning transfer environment. International Journal of Training and Development, 22(1), 15-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12116
Choi, S., Ullah, S., & Kwak, W. (2015). Ethical leadership and followers' attitudes toward corporate social responsibility: the role of perceived ethical work climate. Social Behavior and Personality an International Journal, 43(3), 353-365. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.3.353
Cohen, D. (1993). Creating and maintaining ethical work climates: anomie in the workplace and implications for managing change. Business Ethics Quarterly, 3(4), 343-358. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857283
Díaz-Carrión, R., López‐Fernández, M., & Romero-Fernández, P. (2020). Sustainable human resource management and employee engagement: a holistic assessment instrument. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(4), 1749-1760. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1921
Dong, W. and Zhong, L. (2021). Responsible leadership fuels innovative behavior: the mediating roles of socially responsible human resource management and organizational pride. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.787833
Duvnjak, B. and Kohont, A. (2021). The role of sustainable hrm in sustainable development. Sustainability, 13(19), 10668. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910668
Ehnert, I., Parsa, S., Roper, I., Wagner, M., & Müller‐Camen, M. (2015). Reporting on sustainability and hrm: a comparative study of sustainability reporting practices by the world's largest companies. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(1), 88-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1024157
Elçi, M. and Alpkan, L. (2013). The impacts of ethical leadership on the antisocial behavior of employees: the mediating role of ethical climate. Journal of Global Strategic Management, 2(7), 57-57. https://doi.org/10.20460/jgsm.2013715667
Elgammal, W., El-Kassar, A., & Messarra, L. (2018). Corporate ethics, governance and social responsibility in mena countries. Management Decision, 56(1), 273-291. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-03-2017-0287
Faoziyah, S. (2023). Model for utilizing corporate social responsibility in improving the welfare of the community of industrial area in west java. International Journal of Science and Society, 5(2), 80-100. https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v5i2.672
Farooq, M., Farooq, O., & Cheffi, W. (2019). How do employees respond to the csr initiatives of their organizations: empirical evidence from developing countries. Sustainability, 11(9), 2646. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092646
Farouk, S. and Jabeen, F. (2018). Ethical climate, corporate social responsibility and organizational performance: evidence from the uae public sector. Social Responsibility Journal, 14(4), 737-752. https://doi.org/10.1108/srj-01-2017-0002
Frynas, J. and Yamahaki, C. (2016). Corporate social responsibility: review and roadmap of theoretical perspectives. Business Ethics a European Review, 25(3), 258-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12115
Gao, Y. and He, W. (2017). Corporate social responsibility and employee organizational citizenship behavior. Management Decision, 55(2), 294-309. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2016-0284
Gond, J., Akremi, A., Swaen, V., & Babu, N. (2017). The psychological microfoundations of corporate social responsibility: a person‐centric systematic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(2), 225-246. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2170
Haar, J. and Brougham, D. (2021). Ethical leadership, perceived cultural inclusion, and job behaviors: a two‐sample study of mediation and moderation effects. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 30(4), 625-638. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12366
Halbusi, H., Williams, K., Ramayah, T., Aldieri, L., & Vinci, C. (2020). Linking ethical leadership and ethical climate to employees' ethical behavior: the moderating role of person–organization fit. Personnel Review, 50(1), 159-185. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-09-2019-0522
Halbusi, H. (2022). Who pays attention to the moral aspects? role of organizational justice and moral attentiveness in leveraging ethical behavior. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(3), 357-379. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoes-09-2021-0180
Hassan, S., Wright, B., & Yukl, G. (2014). Does ethical leadership matter in government? effects on organizational commitment, absenteeism, and willingness to report ethical problems. Public Administration Review, 74(3), 333-343. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12216
He, J., Morrison, A., & Zhang, H. (2019). Improving millennial employee well-being and task performance in the hospitality industry: the interactive effects of hrm and responsible leadership. Sustainability, 11(16), 4410. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164410
Hsieh, H., Hsu, H., & Kao, K. (2020). Ethical leadership and employee unethical pro-organizational behavior: a moderated mediation model of moral disengagement and coworker ethical behavior. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41(6), 799-812. https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-10-2019-0464
Huang, C., You, C., & Tsai, M. (2012). A multidimensional analysis of ethical climate, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Nursing Ethics, 19(4), 513-529. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733011433923
Isa, S. and Loke, C. (2019). Effect of ethical leadership of company’s csr on employee csr engagement in the era of digital industry revolution. Kne Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i22.5081
Islam, T., Khan, M., Ahmed, I., & Mahmood, K. (2020). Promoting in-role and extra-role green behavior through ethical leadership: mediating role of green hrm and moderating role of individual green values. International Journal of Manpower, 42(6), 1102-1123. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-01-2020-0036
Islam, T., Khan, M., Ahmed, I., & Mahmood, K. (2020). Promoting in-role and extra-role green behavior through ethical leadership: mediating role of green hrm and moderating role of individual green values. International Journal of Manpower, 42(6), 1102-1123. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-01-2020-0036
Jamali, D., Dirani, A., & Harwood, I. (2014). Exploring human resource management roles in corporate social responsibility: the csr‐hrm co‐creation model. Business Ethics a European Review, 24(2), 125-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12085
Kalshoven, K. and Boon, C. (2012). Ethical leadership, employee well-being, and helping. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 11(1), 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000056
Kancharla, R. and Dadhich, A. (2020). Perceived ethics training and workplace behavior: the mediating role of perceived ethical culture. European Journal of Training and Development, 45(1), 53-73. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-03-2020-0045
Khuong, M. (2015). The effect of ethical leadership on employee‟s virtuous behavior – a study of marketing agencies in ho chi minh city, vietnam. Journal of Economics Business and Management, 3(9). https://doi.org/10.7763/joebm.2015.v3.294
Kia, N., Halvorsen, B., & Bartram, T. (2019). Ethical leadership and employee in-role performance. Personnel Review, 48(7), 1716-1733. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-12-2018-0514
Kilian, T. and Hennigs, N. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and environmental reporting in controversial industries. European Business Review, 26(1), 79-101. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-04-2013-0080
Kim, J., Milliman, J., & Lucas, A. (2020). Effects of csr on employee retention via identification and quality-of-work-life. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(3), 1163-1179. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-06-2019-0573
Kim, W. and Brymer, R. (2011). The effects of ethical leadership on manager job satisfaction, commitment, behavioral outcomes, and firm performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 1020-1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.03.008
Kismono, G. and Ramadista, R. (2020). The effect of the degree of misfit between human resources management practices and the types of organizational culture on organizational performance. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 22(3), 301. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.56583
Kloutsiniotis, P., Mihail, D., & Gounioti, S. (2022). The effects of transformational leadership and hrm practices on employee outcomes and productivity in the greek hospitality industry during covid-19. Employee Relations, 45(3), 653-676. https://doi.org/10.1108/er-08-2021-0360
Ko, C., Ma, J., Kang, M., English, A., & Haney, M. (2016). How ethical leadership cultivates healthy guanxi to enhance ocb in china. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 55(4), 408-429. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12120
Kwakye, O., Kong, Y., Ayamba, E., & Osei, A. (2018). Influence of ethical behavior on corporate governance of firm’s performance in ghana.. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 6(06). https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v6i6.em04
Lee, E. and Szkudlarek, B. (2021). Refugee employment support: the hrm–csr nexus and stakeholder co‐dependency. Human Resource Management Journal, 31(4), 936-955. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12352
Lee, H., Park, J., Ngan, S., & Tian, T. (2017). Vertical fit of hr practices and organizational culture: a case of a large-sized korean conglomerate. Evidence-Based HRM a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 5(2), 122-138. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-05-2015-0017
Lee, M. (2011). Configuration of external influences: the combined effects of institutions and stakeholders on corporate social responsibility strategies. Journal of Business Ethics, 102(2), 281-298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0814-0
Liang, H. and Renneboog, L. (2017). On the foundations of corporate social responsibility. The Journal of Finance, 72(2), 853-910. https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12487
Lin, C. and Liu, M. (2017). Examining the effects of corporate social responsibility and ethical leadership on turnover intention. Personnel Review, 46(3), 526-550. https://doi.org/10.1108/pr-11-2015-0293
Mago , B. , Almaazmi , K. , Almaazmi , A. , Falaha , K. , & Almidfaa , E. (2022). Modeling situational it ethics in the UAE. International Journal for Global Academic & Scientific Research, 1(2), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.55938/ijgasr.v1i2.10
Mansour, M., Aman, N., Al-Ghazali, B., & Shah, S. (2022). Perceived corporate social responsibility, ethical leadership, and moral reflectiveness impact on pro-environmental behavior among employees of small and medium enterprises: a double-mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.967859
Maryati, S., Panjaitan, N., & Wang, L. (2022). Do organizational culture and human resources management practices decrease turnover intention in microfinance company?. Binus Business Review, 13(2), 147-157. https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v13i2.8012
Mbata, C., Oluoch, M., & Muindi, F. (2023). Authentic leadership and ethical behavior of employees in commercial banks in kenya. Journal of Human Resource &Leadership, 7(1), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2126
McCain, S., Tsai, H., & Bellino, N. (2010). Organizational justice, employees' ethical behavior, and job satisfaction in the casino industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(7), 992-1009. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111011066644
Molnár, E., Mahmood, A., Ikram, A., & Murtaza, S. (2021). The interplay between corporate social responsibility at employee level, ethical leadership, quality of work life and employee pro-environmental behavior: the case of healthcare organizations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4521. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094521
Mostafa, A. and Shen, J. (2019). Ethical leadership, internal csr, organisational engagement and organisational workplace deviance. Evidence-Based HRM a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 8(1), 113-127. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-03-2019-0026
Naldi, S., Alexsander, D., & Purnomo, M. (2021). Interrelatedness between organizational culture and human resource management in the context of corporate entrepreneurship. The Winners, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.21512/tw.v22i1.6996
Nejati, M., Salamzadeh, Y., & Loke, C. (2019). Can ethical leaders drive employees’ csr engagement?. Social Responsibility Journal, 16(5), 655-669. https://doi.org/10.1108/srj-11-2018-0298
Newman, A., Miao, Q., Hofman, P., & Zhu, C. (2015). The impact of socially responsible human resource management on employees' organizational citizenship behaviour: the mediating role of organizational identification. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(4), 440-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1042895
Nguyen, N. and Hoai, T. (2021). Ethical leadership, corporate social responsibility, firm reputation, and firm performance: a serial mediation model. Heliyon, 7(4), e06809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06809
Noh, S. (2021). Csr and employee performance: a systematic literature review approach. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(9). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i9/11075
Nyuur, R., Ofori, D., Amankwah, M., & Baffoe, K. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and employee attitudes: the moderating role of employee age. Business Ethics the Environment & Responsibility, 31(1), 100-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12399
Obaid, S., Ahmad, S., & Mumtaz, F. (2022). Ability-motivation-opportunity framework. International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management, 13(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.309105
Para‐González, L., Jiménez, D., & Martínez‐Lorente, Á. (2018). Exploring the mediating effects between transformational leadership and organizational performance. Employee Relations, 40(2), 412-432. https://doi.org/10.1108/er-10-2016-0190
Pariyanti, E., Rosid, A., & Adawiyah, W. (2021). Workplace deviant behavior among employees of islamic-based universities in lampung: the moderating role of islamic workplace spirituality. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 14(4), 1567-1591. https://doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-03-2021-0089
Peng, S. and Li, S. (2023). Inclusive leadership and workplace deviant behavior: the role of organizational ethics climate and moral disengagement., 420-425. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-056-5_60
Pham, N., Jabbour, C., Pereira, V., Usman, M., Ali, M., & Vo‐Thanh, T. (2023). Common good human resource management, ethical employee behaviors, and organizational citizenship behaviors toward the individual. Human Resource Management Journal, 33(4), 977-1000. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12493
Potdar, B., Guthrie, J., Gnoth, J., & Garry, T. (2018). Yours ethically. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 46(9), 835-849. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-02-2018-0029
Qi, L., Liu, B., & Mao, K. (2020). Spare the rod and spoil the child? a study on employee workplace deviant behavior. Nankai Business Review International, 11(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1108/nbri-03-2018-0019
Qing, T., Liu, Y., & Fan, J. (2015). The effects of external stakeholder pressure and ethical leadership on corporate social responsibility in china. Journal of Management & Organization, 21(4), 388-410. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2015.14
QONITA, F., Moeljadi, M., & Ratnawati, K. (2022). The influence of corporate social responsibility on firm value through corporate reputation and financial performance. International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Social Science, 3(3), 691-701. https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v3i3.271
Rabie, M. and Malek, M. (2020). Ethical leadership and employee ethical behavior: a moderated mediation mechanisms. Seisense Journal of Management, 3(2), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.33215/sjom.v3i2.321
Ramadan, H. The relationship between employees’ internal corporate social responsibility and organizational citizenship behavior. (c2021).. https://doi.org/10.26756/th.2022.253
Rambaree, B. (2019). Content in the context of welfare configurations: a comparative institutional analysis of self-reporting on corporate social responsibility. Social Responsibility Journal, 16(4), 487-506. https://doi.org/10.1108/srj-07-2017-0121
Ren, S., Tang, G., & Jackson, S. (2020). Effects of green hrm and ceo ethical leadership on organizations' environmental performance. International Journal of Manpower, 42(6), 961-983. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-09-2019-0414
Resick, C., Hargis, M., Shao, P., & Dust, S. (2013). Ethical leadership, moral equity judgments, and discretionary workplace behavior. Human Relations, 66(7), 951-972. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726713481633
Resmawan, E., Surya, I., & Anwar, A. (2022). Factors affecting the ethical conduct of local government officers (study case of the behavior agency of yogyakarta city civil servants). Jurnal Ad Ministrare, 9(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.26858/ja.v9i1.23113
Rokhman, W. (2022). Islamic organizational citizenship behavior among millennial workers: the role of Islamic leadership, workplace spirituality, and Islamic work ethics in central Java, Indonesia. Iqtishadia Journal of Islamic Economics and Business Studies, 15(2), 325. https://doi.org/10.21043/iqtishadia.v15i2.19803
Saleem, A., Bashir, M., & Abrar, M. (2022). Ethical behaviors by leaders act as a stimulant to the wellbeing of employees by restraining workplace embitterment. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.974642
Sarfo, C., Zhang, J., O’Kane, P., Podgorodnichenko, N., & Osei-Fosu, K. (2021). Perceived corporate social responsibility and employee ethical behaviour: do employee commitment and co-worker ethicality matter?. Journal of Management & Organization, 28(1), 184-201. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2021.42
Schouteten, R., Heijden, B., Peters, P., Kraus-Hoogeveen, S., & Heres, L. (2021). More roads lead to rome. hr configurations and employee sustainability outcomes in public sector organizations. Sustainability, 13(21), 11698. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111698
Siltaoja, M. (2006). Value priorities as combining core factors between csr and reputation – a qualitative study. Journal of Business Ethics, 68(1), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9042-4
Silva, K. and Lokuwaduge, C. (2020). Impact of corporate social responsibility practices on employee commitment. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/srj-01-2019-0027
Simões, E., Duarte, P., & Nunes, P. (2020). The impact of leadership and organizational context on the acceptability of unethical hrm practices. Psicologia, 34(1), 56-66. https://doi.org/10.17575/psicologia.v34i1.1471
Singh, R. (2023). Impact of ethical leadership in hrm on employee's turnover intention post covid-19. Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management, 20(4), 1680. https://doi.org/10.14488/bjopm.1680.2023
Stahl, G., Brewster, C., Collings, D., & Hajro, A. (2020). Enhancing the role of human resource management in corporate sustainability and social responsibility: a multi-stakeholder, multidimensional approach to hrm. Human Resource Management Review, 30(3), 100708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.100708
Stouten, J., Baillien, E., Broeck, A., Camps, J., Witte, H., & Euwema, M. (2010). Discouraging bullying: the role of ethical leadership and its effects on the work environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(S1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0797-x
Syam, M., Aqimuddin, E., Nurcahyono, A., & Setiawan, E. (2020). Corporate social responsibility in asean: case study asean csr network.. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200225.032
Tabiu, A. (2023). Impact of ethical leadership, hrm practices and ethical climate on organizational citizenship behaviors in nigerian local governments. International Journal of Public Leadership, 19(3), 229-245. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-06-2022-0038
Tafolli, F. and Grabner‐Kräuter, S. (2020). Employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility and organizational corruption: empirical evidence from kosovo. Corporate Governance, 20(7), 1349-1370. https://doi.org/10.1108/cg-07-2020-0274
Taştan, S. (2019). The impacts of perceived ethical climate and codes of ethics on employees’ deviant behaviors in organizations.. https://doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.177
Treviño, L., Butterfield, K., & McCabe, D. (1998). The ethical context in organizations: influences on employee attitudes and behaviors. Business Ethics Quarterly, 8(3), 447-476. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857431
Tse, H., To, M., & Chiu, W. (2017). When and why does transformational leadership influence employee creativity? the roles of personal control and creative personality. Human Resource Management, 57(1), 145-157. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21855
Ullah, I., Hameed, R., Kayani, N., & Fazal, Y. (2019). Ceo ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility: examining the mediating role of organizational ethical culture and intellectual capital. Journal of Management & Organization, 28(1), 99-119. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2019.48
Valentine, S. and Godkin, L. (2016). Ethics policies, perceived social responsibility, and positive work attitude. The Irish Journal of Management, 35(2), 114-128. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijm-2016-0013
Voegtlin, C. and Greenwood, M. (2016). Corporate social responsibility and human resource management: a systematic review and conceptual analysis. Human Resource Management Review, 26(3), 181-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2015.12.003
Watto, W., Monium, A., Ali, Q., & Ijaz, A. (2020). The impact of ethical context on employees in-role performance and citizenship behavior in telecom sector of pakistan: the mediating role of perceived organizational support. International Journal of Environmental Sustainability and Social Science, 1(1), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v1i1.39
Wut, T. and Ng, P. (2022). Perceived csr motives, perceived csr authenticity, and pro-environmental behavior intention: an internal stakeholder perspective. Social Responsibility Journal, 19(5), 797-811. https://doi.org/10.1108/srj-08-2020-0350
Xu, A., Loi, R., & Ngo, H. (2014). Ethical leadership behavior and employee justice perceptions: the mediating role of trust in organization. Journal of Business Ethics, 134(3), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2457-4
Xuan, L., Nhan, V., & My, L. (2020). Influences of employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility on job satisfaction – a study in hochiminh city. Proceedings, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.46223/hcmcoujs.econ.en.8.1.169.2018
Yadav, R., Dash, S., Chakraborty, S., & Kumar, M. (2018). Perceived csr and corporate reputation: the mediating role of employee trust. Vikalpa the Journal for Decision Makers, 43(3), 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090918794823
Yang, Q. and Hua, W. (2017). The impact of ethical leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39(1), 100-113. https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-12-2016-0313
Yasir, M. and Khan, N. (2020). Mediating role of employees’ trust in the relationship between ethical leadership and workplace deviance in the public sector hospitals of khyber pakhtunkhwa. Leadership Education Personality an Interdisciplinary Journal, 2(2), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1365/s42681-020-00010-5
Yasir, M. and Rasli, A. (2018). Direct and indirect effects of ethical leadership on workplace deviance in public healthcare sector of pakistan. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 15(4), 558-574. https://doi.org/10.1108/jamr-11-2017-0109
Zhu, W., Chew, I., & Spangler, W. (2005). Ceo transformational leadership and organizational outcomes: the mediating role of human–capital-enhancing human resource management. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.06.001
Zhu, W., He, H., Treviño, L., Chao, M., & Wang, W. (2015). Ethical leadership and follower voice and performance: the role of follower identifications and entity morality beliefs. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 702-718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.01.004
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 La Saudin (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

















