Leadership Styles and Employee Well Being: A Systematic Review of Global Organizational Behavior Studies

Tobari Tobari

doi:10.62207/6bxr6336

Authors

Tobari Tobari Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang, South Sumatera Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62207/6bxr6336

Keywords:

Hybrid Leadership, Employee Welfare, Remote Work, Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership, Systematic Literature Review.

Abstract

This research explores the influence of a hybrid leadership style on employee well-being in a remote work context. The systematic literature review method following PRISMA guidelines was applied to analyze 25 relevant studies. The analysis results show that the integration of elements of transactional and transformational leadership in a hybrid leadership style can significantly improve employee welfare. These findings emphasize the importance of the role of leadership in creating a supportive work environment, especially in the digital era that prioritizes virtual interactions. Additionally, this research identifies gaps in the existing literature, including limitations in cultural contexts and industrial sectors. The practical and theoretical implications of the results of this research provide insight for organizational leaders and human resource management practitioners in formulating adaptive and responsive leadership strategies. Further research is recommended to investigate other variables that may influence the relationship between hybrid leadership and employee well-being.

References

Abiansyah, A. (2023). The influence of transformational and transactional leadership styles on employee performance is moderated by psychological capital. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, 4(10), 1570-1579. https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v4i10.745

Aboyassin, N. and Abood, N. (2013). The effect of ineffective leadership on individual and organizational performance in jordanian institutions. Competitiveness Review an International Business Journal Incorporating Journal of Global Competitiveness, 23(1), 68-84. https://doi.org/10.1108/10595421311296632

Alarabiat, Y. and Eyupoglu, Ş. (2022). Is silence golden? the influence of employee silence on the transactional leadership and job satisfaction relationship. Sustainability, 14(22), 15205. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215205

Al-Hamdan, Z., Manojlovich, M., & Banerjee, T. (2016). Jordanian nursing work environments, intent to stay, and job satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 49(1), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12265

Ameel, M., Myllynen, M., & Kallakorpi, S. (2022). Exploring hybrid leadership. Jona the Journal of Nursing Administration, 52(12), 653-658. https://doi.org/10.1097/nna.0000000000001227

Anggraini, D., Wibowo, W., Riyadi, H., & Umar, H. (2019). The factor influencing organizational citizenship behavior of employees in private universities in south sumatera province. Business Management and Strategy, 10(1), 151. https://doi.org/10.5296/bms.v10i1.14038

Ariussanto, K., Tarigan, Z., Sitepu, R., & Mendo, A. (2020). Leadership style, employee engagement, and work environment to employee performance in manufacturing companies. SHS Web of Conferences, 76, 01020. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207601020

Arnold, K. (2017). Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: a review and directions for future research.. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 381-393. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000062

Biza, T. and Irbo, M. (2020). The impact of leadership styles on employee commitment in madda walabu university. African Journal of Business Management, 14(9), 291-300. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm2018.8603

Bronkhorst, B., Steijn, B., & Vermeeren, B. (2013). Transformational leadership, goal setting, and work motivation. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 35(2), 124-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371x13515486

Caillier, J. (2014). Toward a better understanding of the relationship between transformational leadership, public service motivation, mission valence, and employee performance. Public Personnel Management, 43(2), 218-239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026014528478

Cheung, M. and Wong, C. (2011). Transformational leadership, leader support, and employee creativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(7), 656-672. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731111169988

Contreras, F., Baykal, E., & Abid, G. (2020). E-leadership and teleworking in times of covid-19 and beyond: what we know and where do we go. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590271

Ding, H. and Yu, E. (2021). Strengths-based leadership and employee psychological well-being: a moderated mediation model. Journal of Career Development, 49(5), 1108-1121. https://doi.org/10.1177/08948453211018807

Duraku, Z. and Hoxha, L. (2021). Impact of transformational and transactional attributes of school principal leadership on teachers’ motivation for work. Frontiers in Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.659919

Ekhsan, M. and Setiawan, I. (2021). The role of motivation mediation on the effect of transformational leadership style on employee performance. International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology, 1(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.35870/ijmsit.v1i1.232

Eriksson, T. and Ferreira, C. (2021). Who pays it forward the most? examining organizational citizenship behavior in the workplace. Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology, 5(3), 215-228. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts5.87

Farahnak, L., Ehrhart, M., Torres, E., & Aarons, G. (2019). The influence of transformational leadership and leader attitudes on subordinate attitudes and implementation success. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 27(1), 98-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051818824529

Ferrara, B., Pansini, M., Vincenzi, C., Buonomo, I., & Benevene, P. (2022). Investigating the role of remote working on employees’ performance and well-being: an evidence-based systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12373. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912373

Firmansah, R., Supriyadi, E., & Wirawan, W. (2018). The effect of transactional leadership and organizational culture to employee performance through motivation of employment. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 5(7), 4837-4841. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v5i7.02

Hardin, O. (2024). The influence of compensation, transactional leadership style, motivation and work discipline on employee performance in the south jakarta city fire and rescue department. Journal of Social Science, 5(3), 726-737. https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v5i3.823

He, J., Morrison, A., & Zhang, H. (2019). Improving millennial employee well-being and task performance in the hospitality industry: the interactive effects of hrm and responsible leadership. Sustainability, 11(16), 4410. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164410

Hurmekoski, M., Häggman‐Laitila, A., Lammintakanen, J., & Terkamo‐Moisio, A. (2023). Nurse leaders’ experiences of remote leadership in health care. Leadership in Health Services, 36(4), 579-594. https://doi.org/10.1108/lhs-01-2023-0003

Juchnowicz, M. and Kinowska, H. (2021). Employee well-being and digital work during the covid-19 pandemic. Information, 12(8), 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/info12080293

Kairupan, D. (2023). Transactional and transformational leadership styles on the effectiveness of work from home and work productivity. Telaah Bisnis, 24(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.35917/tb.v24i1.335

Kawiana, I., Riana, I., Rihayana, I., & Adi, I. (2020). How transformational leadership intensify employee performance mediating by job satisfaction. Mix Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 10(3), 454. https://doi.org/10.22441/mix.2020.v10i3.010

Kelloway, E., Weigand, H., McKee, M., & Das, H. (2012). Positive leadership and employee well-being. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(1), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051812465892

Khan, S., Anjam, M., Faiz, M., Khan, F., & Khan, H. (2020). Probing the effects of transformational leadership on employees’ job satisfaction with interaction of organizational learning culture. Sage Open, 10(2), 215824402093077. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020930771

Kiljunen, M., Laukka, E., Koskela, T., & Kanste, O. (2021). Remote leadership in health care: a scoping review. Leadership in Health Services, 35(1), 98-115. https://doi.org/10.1108/lhs-06-2021-0059

Kovjanic, S., Schuh, S., Jonas, K., Quaquebeke, N., & Dick, R. (2012). How do transformational leaders foster positive employee outcomes? a self‐determination‐based analysis of employees' needs as mediating links. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(8), 1031-1052. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1771

Krasniqi, T. (2023). The leadership dilemma: investigating the relationship between leadership style and employee performance.. https://doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2023.0016

Li, Y., Castaño, G., & Li, Y. (2018). Linking leadership styles to work engagement. Chinese Management Studies, 12(2), 433-452. https://doi.org/10.1108/cms-04-2017-0108

Liyanage, C. (2020). The impact of transformational leadership on employee well-being: a narrative synthesis. Colombo Business Journal International Journal of Theory and Practice, 11(2), 24-66. https://doi.org/10.4038/cbj.v11i2.63

Lubis, D. (2023). Leadership style and its influence on employee well-being and productivity: industrial and organizational psychology perspectives. Journal of Psychology and Behavior Studies, 3(2), 57-61. https://doi.org/10.32996/jpbs.2023.3.2.5

MACASPAC, L. (2022). Examining the effect of transformational and transactional leadership styles on the innovative work behavior:. dwijmh, 1(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.62025/dwijmh.v1i1.4

Mayer, C., Sivatheerthan, T., Mütze‐Niewöhner, S., & Nitsch, V. (2023). Sharing leadership behaviors in virtual teams: effects of shared leadership behaviors on team member satisfaction and productivity. Team Performance Management, 29(1/2), 90-112. https://doi.org/10.1108/tpm-07-2022-0054

Mohammed, H., Aziz, A., Sadq, Z., & Othman, B. (2020). The impact of transformation leadership on employee’s effectiveness (the case of ministry of higher education and scientific research, kurdistan regional government, iraq). International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(11), 201. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i11.2240

Montaño, D., Reeske, A., Franke, F., & Hüffmeier, J. (2016). Leadership, followers' mental health and job performance in organizations: a comprehensive meta‐analysis from an occupational health perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(3), 327-350. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2124

Mufti, M., Peng, X., Shah, S., Sarwar, A., & Zhenqing, Y. (2019). Influence of leadership style on job satisfaction of ngo employee: the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Public Affairs, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1983

Naderi, A., Vosta, L., Ebrahimi, A., & Jalilvand, M. (2019). The contributions of social entrepreneurship and transformational leadership to performance. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 39(9/10), 719-737. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2019-0124

Nielsen, P., Boye, S., Holten, A., Jacobsen, C., & Andersen, L. (2019). Are transformational and transactional types of leadership compatible? a two‐wave study of employee motivation. Public Administration, 97(2), 413-428. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12574

Novitasari, E., Desastra, Y., & Wulandari, .. (2022). The influence of transformational leadership style and work motivation to performance employee. Journal of Production Operations Management and Economics, (26), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.55529/jpome.26.1.13

Puni, A., Hilton, S., & Quao, B. (2020). The interaction effect of transactional-transformational leadership on employee commitment in a developing country. Management Research Review, 44(3), 399-417. https://doi.org/10.1108/mrr-03-2020-0153

Raja, A. and Palanichamy, P. (2011). Leadership styles and its impact on organizational commitment. Asia Pacific Business Review, 7(3), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1177/097324701100700315

Setiani, S. and Rizaldy, A. (2021). Transactional leadership on employee performance: job satisfaction as a moderating variable. Scientific Journal of Management and Business, 6(2), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.38043/jimb.v6i2.3203

Setyaningsih, E. and Indonesia, R. (2018). The effect of transformational leadership, work environment, job satisfaction to employees performance. Iarjset, 5(8), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.17148/iarjset.2018.583

Shabbir, S., Shabir, N., Batool, I., Parveen, S., Gondal, J., & Jamil, R. (2022). Theoretical assumptions of transformational leadership styles on psychological empowerment and psychological well-being in leaders vs. subordinates. Praxis International Journal of Social Science and Literature, 88-98. https://doi.org/10.51879/pijssl/050214

Shafie, B., Baghersalimi, S., & Barghi, V. (2013). The relationship between leadership style and employee performance : case study of real estate registration organization of tehran province. Singaporean Journal of Business Economics and Management Studies, 2(5), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.12816/0003885

Solis, M. (2023). The role of transactional leadership in the social performance of the maquiladora industry. Review of Business Management, 25(2), 215-233. https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v25i2.4219

Utami, L. and Aima, M. (2021). The influence of transformational leaderships and organizational commitment to turnover intention through job satisfaction as a mediator. Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science, 2(4), 630-641. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijemss.v2i4.813

Vanesa, V. (2021). The effect of transformational and transactional leadership on employee negative behavior mediated by work stress. International Journal of Science Technology & Management, 2(1), 368-376. https://doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i1.162

Vasileva, N. and Datta, P. (2021). The impact of leadership style on employee motivation in the automotive industry: a british perspective. Journal of Business & Retail Management Research, 16(01). https://doi.org/10.24052/jbrmr/v16is01/art-05

Vincent‐Höper, S., Muser, C., & Janneck, M. (2012). Transformational leadership, work engagement, and occupational success. Career Development International, 17(7), 663-682. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431211283805

Yulman, T. (2023). Transformational leadership on employee engagement: the work motivation as a moderation variable. hrms, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.24036/hrms.v3i4.296

Yusup, A. and Maulani, I. (2023). The influence of transformational leadership on employee motivation. Devotion Journal of Research and Community Service, 4(3), 798-802. https://doi.org/10.36418/devotion.v4i3.441